5054_s26_ms_12 2026 May-June Physics 5054 Mark Scheme 1 Variant 2 · Cambridge CAIE O Level

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5054_s26_ms_122026 May-June Physics 5054 Mark Scheme 1 Variant 2

This is the official Cambridge mark scheme for Physics (5054) Mark Scheme 1 (Variant 2) from the 2026 May-June session. Mark schemes show exactly how each mark is awarded, including acceptable alternative answers, required key terms, and common errors that lose marks. Cambridge mark schemes use notation like "allow," "accept," and "do not credit" to define the boundary between full marks and zero.

Also referenced as: 5054_s26_ms_12 · 5054/12/m/j/26 ms · 5054/12 May/June 2026 ms

Paper 1: Multiple Choice This is Paper 1: Multiple Choice, worth 40 marks with a duration of 1h. 40 multiple-choice questions covering the full syllabus. No penalty for wrong answers — always attempt every question.

This mark scheme corresponds to 5054_s26_qp_12. For maximum revision benefit, attempt the question paper under strict exam conditions first, then use this mark scheme to self-assess. Pay attention to the marking notation: "allow" means an alternative is accepted, "do not credit" means a specific phrasing is rejected even if technically correct, and "ORA" (or reverse argument) means the mark can also be earned with the opposite reasoning.

Cambridge mark schemes reward precise language. For Physics (5054), look for keywords the examiner requires — definitions must include specific terms (e.g., "per unit mass," "resultant"), and calculations must show working even if the final answer is correct. Understanding mark scheme conventions helps you write answers that hit every marking point, not just the general idea.

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Same paper, other years

Physics (5054) Mark Scheme 1 (Variant 2) from other exam sessions — practise the same paper across the years, then check each one against its mark scheme.

Examiner Insights — Paper 1: Multiple Choice

Based on analysis of 4 official Cambridge documents (2023, 2024, 2025)

2

Confusing momentum with moment of a force, and errors in conservation of momentum calculations

A significant number of candidates could not define momentum or confused momentum with the moment of a force.5054 Paper 2, May/June 2023

How to fix: Momentum = mass x velocity (a property of a moving object). Moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot (a turning effect). In conservation of momentum problems, after a collision where objects stick together, the combined mass is the sum of BOTH masses. Write: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2) x v_final.

4

Distance-time and speed-time graph misinterpretation — confusing acceleration on one graph type with the other

The shape of the distance-time graph when a car is accelerating was not always clear to candidates.5054 Paper 1, May/June 2023

How to fix: Speed-time graph: gradient = acceleration, area under graph = distance. Distance-time graph: gradient = speed, and a curve means the object is accelerating. To find instantaneous speed from a distance-time graph, draw a tangent and find its gradient — do NOT divide total distance by total time (that gives average speed).

7

Newton's third law misunderstood — pairing wrong force types together

The third law of motion is often misunderstood. The confusion arises as a normal contact force is sometimes referred to as a normal reaction. Candidates should be made aware that the pair of forces described as action and reaction in Newton's third law should always be of the same type.5054 Paper 1, May/June 2023

How to fix: Newton's third law force pairs must be: (1) the same type of force (both gravitational, both contact, both electromagnetic), (2) acting on two DIFFERENT objects, (3) equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Weight (gravitational pull of Earth on object) is paired with the gravitational pull of the object on Earth — NOT with the normal contact force from the surface.

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All Physics (5054) Papers — 2026 May-June

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Physics Exam Guide: How to Score Higher

Top mistakes, scoring patterns & answer frameworks from 4 official Cambridge documents