5054_s26_ms_22 2026 May-June Physics 5054 Mark Scheme 2 Variant 2 · Cambridge CAIE O Level

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5054_s26_ms_222026 May-June Physics 5054 Mark Scheme 2 Variant 2

This is the official Cambridge mark scheme for Physics (5054) Mark Scheme 2 (Variant 2) from the 2026 May-June session. Mark schemes show exactly how each mark is awarded, including acceptable alternative answers, required key terms, and common errors that lose marks. Cambridge mark schemes use notation like "allow," "accept," and "do not credit" to define the boundary between full marks and zero.

Also referenced as: 5054_s26_ms_22 · 5054/22/m/j/26 ms · 5054/22 May/June 2026 ms

Paper 2: Theory This is Paper 2: Theory, worth 80 marks with a duration of 1h 45m. Structured and free-response questions testing knowledge, understanding, and application of physics. Calculations should start with the relevant formula, followed by substitution with units.

This mark scheme corresponds to 5054_s26_qp_22. For maximum revision benefit, attempt the question paper under strict exam conditions first, then use this mark scheme to self-assess. Pay attention to the marking notation: "allow" means an alternative is accepted, "do not credit" means a specific phrasing is rejected even if technically correct, and "ORA" (or reverse argument) means the mark can also be earned with the opposite reasoning.

Cambridge mark schemes reward precise language. For Physics (5054), look for keywords the examiner requires — definitions must include specific terms (e.g., "per unit mass," "resultant"), and calculations must show working even if the final answer is correct. Understanding mark scheme conventions helps you write answers that hit every marking point, not just the general idea.

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Same paper, other years

Physics (5054) Mark Scheme 2 (Variant 2) from other exam sessions — practise the same paper across the years, then check each one against its mark scheme.

Examiner Insights — Paper 2: Theory

Based on analysis of 4 official Cambridge documents (2023, 2024, 2025)

1

Calculations using wrong values from a circuit — applying e.m.f. across one resistor instead of the total resistance

Most answers assumed that the e.m.f. of 12 V was across the 400 ohm resistor rather than the total resistance of 700 ohm. Candidates needed to use the total resistance to find the current in the circuit.5054 Paper 2, May/June 2023

How to fix: In a series circuit, the e.m.f. of the supply equals the total voltage across ALL components. Always calculate total resistance first (add series resistors), then use V = IR with the total resistance to find the current. Only then use that current to find the voltage across individual resistors.

2

Confusing momentum with moment of a force, and errors in conservation of momentum calculations

A significant number of candidates could not define momentum or confused momentum with the moment of a force.5054 Paper 2, May/June 2023

How to fix: Momentum = mass x velocity (a property of a moving object). Moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot (a turning effect). In conservation of momentum problems, after a collision where objects stick together, the combined mass is the sum of BOTH masses. Write: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2) x v_final.

3

Giving descriptions instead of physical explanations — stating what happens without saying why

Many candidates gave detailed explanations for questions, whilst others stated answers rather than explaining them and applying the physical principles.5054 Paper 2, May/June 2023

How to fix: When a question says 'explain', you must give the scientific reason. A description says WHAT happens; an explanation says WHY it happens. For example, do not just say 'the object accelerates' — say 'there is a resultant force acting on the object, so by Newton's second law it accelerates in the direction of the force'.

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All Physics (5054) Papers — 2026 May-June

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Physics Exam Guide: How to Score Higher

Top mistakes, scoring patterns & answer frameworks from 4 official Cambridge documents